Features of quantitative EEG in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their relationship with cognitive impairment / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their relationship with cognitive impairment. Methods: We recruited 38 patients with ALS and 26 healthy controls. All the patients underwent quantitative EEG examination to obtain the relative power of each frequency band and calculate the slow wave ratio (δ+θ)/(α+β) as comparison indexes. Among them, 27 patients with ALS underwent the ECAS scale examination to assess their cognitive function. At the same time, 25 healthy controls underwent the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen (ECAS) to determine the cut-off of scale score. We compared the slow wave ratio in ALS patients with and without cognitive impairment according to the cut-off score. Results: The relative powers of δ and θ bands and slow wave ratios of quantitative EEG in ALS patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls, and there was no significant difference in relative powers of α and β bands. In the comparison of slow wave ratios in different brain regions, the proportion of slow waves in the bilateral temporal-occipital regions and the right parietal areas was significantly higher than that in healthy controls. The slow wave ratio in the left temporal area was positively correlated with the course of ALS (correlation coefficient 0.405, P=0.05). The ECAS scale screening revealed that 33.3% of ALS patients had cognitive impairment. ALS patients with cognitive impairment had higher slow wave ratios in the frontal and temporal areas than patients without cognitive impairment. The ALS specific item score, ALS non-specific item score and the total score of ECAS were all negatively correlated with the slow wave ratios in the frontal and temporal areas. Conclusion: The changes of EEG activity in patients with ALS are mainly the increase of slow wave activity, which is significant in the temporal, parietal and occipital areas. The slow wave ratios in frontal and temporal areas of ALS patients are correlated with cognitive impairment.

Characterization of quantitative EEG in patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction / 医学研究生学报

Objective Very few studies have been reported on the application of quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) in patients with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). This study was to investigate the qEEG features of POCD and provide some help for the early detection and diagnosis of the condition. Methods We enrolled 31 postoperative patients treated in our Department of Critical Care Medicine from January 2018 to October 2018. Based on the pre- and post-operative scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), we divided the patients into a POCD (MMSE score >2, n = 11) and a non-POCD control group (MMSE score ≤2, n = 20). Using the brain function instrument, the electrode set according to the standard international 10-20 system and with bipolar longitudinal F3-P3 and F4-P4 four channels, we conducted bedside monitoring for all the patients and calculated the average value of the consecutive clips of 10-min qEEG. Then, we analyzed the amplitude-integrated EEG (aEEG), relative frequency band energy, relative α variability and spectrum entropy, and the correlation of relative frequency band energy and relative α variability with the MMSE scores. Results Compared with the non-POCD controls, the POCD patients showed significant decreases in the total MMSE scores (28.35 ± 1.27 vs 18.91 ± 2.34, P < 0.05), orientation score (9.75 ± 0.44 vs 6.82 ± 1.47, P < 0.05) and memory score (2.90 ± 0.31 vs 2.09 ± 1.04, P < 0.05) as well as in the concentration, calculation, recalling and language scores (all P < 0.05); and the POCD patients also exhibited marked reduction in the left α variability ([22.59 ± 10.98]% vs [14.39 ± 8.25]%, P < 0.05), right α variability ([24.07 ± 9.73]% vs [15.70 ± 9.59]%, P < 0.05), left α frequency band energy ([7.17 ± 4.73] vs [3.83 ± 2.62] μV2, P < 0.05) and right α frequency band energy ([6.94 ± 4.53] vs [3.82 ± 2.51] μV2, P < 0.05). The MMSE scores were found to be negatively correlated with left α variability (r = -0.793, P = 0.004), right α variability (r = -0.835, P = 0.001), left α frequency band energy (r = -0.633, P = 0.037) and right α frequency band energy (r = -0.682, P = 0.021). Conclusion Quantitative EEG of POCD patients is characterized by significantly decreased α variability and α frequency band energy, which may contribute to the early detection and diagnosis of POCD.

Comparison of Electroencephalography (EEG) Coherence between Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) without Comorbidity and MDD Comorbid with Internet Gaming Disorder

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has many comorbid psychiatric problems including major depressive disorder (MDD). In the present study, we compared the neurobiological differences between MDD without comorbidity (MDD-only) and MDD comorbid with IGD (MDD+IGD) by analyzing the quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) findings. We recruited 14 male MDD+IGD (mean age, 20.0 ± 5.9 years) and 15 male MDD-only (mean age, 20.3 ± 5.5 years) patients. The electroencephalography (EEG) coherences were measured using a 21-channel digital EEG system and computed to assess synchrony in the frequency ranges of alpha (7.5–12.5 Hz) and beta (12.5–35.0 Hz) between the following 12 electrode site pairs: inter-hemispheric (Fp1–Fp2, F7–F8, T3–T4, and P3–P4) and intra-hemispheric (F7–T3, F8–T4, C3–P3, C4–P4, T5–O1, T6–O2, P3–O1, and P4–O2) pairs. Differences in inter- and intra-hemispheric coherence values for the frequency bands between groups were analyzed using the independent t-test. Inter-hemispheric coherence value for the alpha band between Fp1–Fp2 electrodes was significantly lower in MDD+IGD than MDD-only patients. Intra-hemispheric coherence value for the alpha band between P3–O1 electrodes was higher in MDD+IGD than MDD-only patients. Intra-hemispheric coherence values for the beta band between F8–T4, T6–O2, and P4–O2 electrodes were higher in MDD+IGD than MDD-only patients. There appears to be an association between decreased inter-hemispheric connectivity in the frontal region and vulnerability to attention problems in the MDD+IGD group. Increased intra-hemisphere connectivity in the fronto-temporo-parieto-occipital areas may result from excessive online gaming.

Comparison of QEEG Findings between Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) without Comorbidity and ADHD Comorbid with Internet Gaming Disorder

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is often comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we compared the neurobiological differences between ADHD comorbid with IGD (ADHD+IGD group) and ADHD without comorbidity (ADHD-only group) by analyzing quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG) findings. We recruited 16 male ADHD+IGD, 15 male ADHD-only adolescent patients, and 15 male healthy controls (HC group). Participants were assessed using Young's Internet Addiction Scale and ADHD Rating Scale. Relative power and inter- and intra-hemispheric coherences of brain waves were measured using a digital electroencephalography (EEG) system. Compared to the ADHD-only group, the ADHD+IGD group showed lower relative delta power and greater relative beta power in temporal regions. The relative theta power in frontal regions were higher in ADHD-only group compared to HC group. Inter-hemispheric coherence values for the theta band between F3–F4 and C3–C4 electrodes were higher in ADHD-only group compared to HC group. Intra-hemispheric coherence values for the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands between P4–O2 electrodes and intra-hemispheric coherence values for the theta band between Fz–Cz and T4–T6 electrodes were higher in ADHD+IGD group compared to ADHD-only group. Adolescents who show greater vulnerability to ADHD seem to continuously play Internet games to unconsciously enhance attentional ability. In turn, relative beta power in attention deficit in ADHD+IGD group may become similar to that in HC group. Repetitive activation of brain reward and working memory systems during continuous gaming may result in an increase in neuronal connectivity within the parieto-occipital and temporal regions for the ADHD+IGD group.

Correlation between Quantitative Electroencephalogram Findings and Neurocognitive Functions in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Schizophrenia

OBJECTIVES: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia have many common clinical and neurocognitive features. However, not all of them share the same underlying mechanism. The aim of this study was to discover evidences that indicate a pathophysiological mechanism specific to OCD by comparing correlations of quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) patterns and neurocognitive function in patients with OCD and schizophrenia. METHODS: Resting-state QEEG data of total 265 patients were acquired retrospectively and parameters such as absolute power, relative power and peak frequency were analyzed from the data. Stroop test and Trail Making Test results as well as demographic features were reviewed for this study. The correlation of neurocognitive functions and brain electrical activities in each group were assessed and compared by correlation analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the OCD group, the schizophrenia group performed poorly in neurocognitive tests. Mean values of QEEG parameters in patients with OCD and schizophrenia did not show significant differences. Both absolute and relative power of alpha rhythm in central and frontal regions showed significant positive correlation with Stroop test results in OCD patients. CONCLUSIONS: Findings in this study shows distinctive correlations between frontal executive dysfunction and frontal alpha rhythm in the OCD patients, both of which might be a candidate for endophenotype underlying obsessive rumination.

Quantitative electroencephalogram and event-related potential in neonatal cognitive function study / 国际儿科学杂志

Cognitive function is the advanced features of brain and neonatal cognitive function has its own development characteristics. Quantitative electroencephalogram can reflect the state of brain function directly and objectively and can be used in cognitive research. Event-related potential,induced by stimulation,is the neu-roelectrophysiologic of brain cognitive processing and time-locked to cognitive events. In recent years,research-ers have made great progress in exploring the neonatal cognitive function with the help of quantitative electroen-cephalogram and event-related potential. This review summarizes the progress of these two technologies in neo-natal brain cognitive function.

Evaluación de la eficacia de los parámetros del electroencefalograma cuantitativo en la medición del nivel de profundidad anestésico / Evaluation of the effectiveness of the quantitative electroencephalogram parameters in the measurement of the anesthetic depth level

Introducción: los métodos de medición del nivel de profundidad del efecto hipnótico de los fármacos anestésicos, a partir del análisis cuantitativo del electroencefalograma, necesitan ser perfeccionados y optimizados para garantizar su aplicación eficiente en la práctica clínica. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del nivel de profundidad anestésica y de la derivación del registro en los parámetros del electroencefalograma cuantitativo, para garantizar la selección de los parámetros óptimos en la clasificación del nivel de profundidad anestésica. Métodos: se estudió una muestra de 29 adultos con afecciones abdominales, tratados quirúrgicamente por vía endoscópica, bajo anestesia general. El registro electroencefalográfico se realizó mediante un montaje de 19 canales y el nivel de profundidad anestésica fue cuantificado clínicamente mediante una escala de 8 niveles. Igualmente, los parámetros del electroencefalograma cuantitativo fueron estimados mediante el sistema de análisis del equipo Medicid 5 de Neuronic. Resultados: el nivel de profundidad anestésica presentó un efecto significativo en los parámetros del electroencefalograma cuantitativo, en los modelos espectrales de banda ancha y estrecha. Entre los parámetros con mayor significación figuraron: el poder absoluto delta, theta, el poder relativo theta y la frecuencia media theta, alpha y total; mientras que en los parámetros de banda estrecha se obtuvo un efecto significativo en todas las derivaciones, con una interacción significativa entre la topografía y el nivel de profundidad anestésica. Conclusiones: los parámetros del electroencefalograma cuantitativo pueden ser utilizados de forma eficaz en la predicción del nivel de profundidad anestésica, con una mayor resolución en los niveles de clasificación que los utilizados hasta el presente. Asimismo, se confirmó el efecto selectivo de los agentes hipnóticos en las diferentes áreas corticales.

Introduction: the depth level measurement methods of the hypnotic effect of anesthetic drugs, from the quantitative analysis of the electroencephalogram, need to be corrected and optimized to guarantee their efficient application in the clinical practice. Objective: to evaluate the effects of the anesthetic depth level and of the record derivation in the parameters of the quantitative electroencephalogram, to guarantee the selection of optimal parameters in the classification of the anesthetic depth level. Methods: a sample of 29 adults with abdominal disorders, surgically treated through endoscopy, under general anaesthesia was studied. The electroencephalographic record was carried out by means of a 19 channels assembly and the level of anesthetic depth was clinically quantified by means of an 8 levels scale. Equally, the parameters of the quantitative electroencephalogram were calculated by means of the analysis system of the Medicid 5 equipment of Neuronic. Results: the level of anesthetic depth presented a significant effect in the parameters of the quantitative electroencephalogram, in the spectral models of broad and narrow band. Among the parameters with more significance there were: the absolute power delta, theta, the relative power theta and the mean frequency theta, alpha and total; while in the narrow band parameters a significant effect was obtained in all derivations, with a significant interaction between the topography and the anesthetic depth level. Conclusions: the parameters of the quantitative electroencephalogram can be used in an effective way in the prediction of the anesthetic depth level, with a higher resolution in the classification levels than those used up to now. Also, the selective effect of the hypnotic agents was confirmed in the different cortical areas.

Análisis espectral del electroencefalograma en pacientes con epilepsia rolándica / Spectral analysis of the electroencephalogram in patients with rolandic epilepsy

Objetivo: Describir la presencia de alteraciones de la actividad de base a través del análisis cuantitativo del EEG (QEEG) en pacientes portadores de Epilepsia Rolándica. Material y Método: Se realizó el análisis visual del EEG (29 pacientes) y el QEEG (26 pacientes). Los valores de poder absoluto y poder relativo obtenidos para cada paciente fueron comparados con una base de datos normativos mediante el estadígrafo transformada Z. Resultados: Se encontraron variaciones estadísticamente significativas de energía en 73,08 % de los casos: 73,68 % en las bandas lentas y 26,31 % para las rápidas. La topografía de la actividad lenta fue en regiones centro-temporales y/o centro-parietales 64,28 %, en las regiones anteriores y extratemporales 21,43 % y 14,28 % presentaron actividad lenta aislada extratemporal. Conclusiones: Las alteraciones significativas en la actividad de base electroencefalográfica antes descritas en los pacientes portadores de Epilepsia Rolándica, sugieren una posible relación con un disturbio maduracional o a la presencia de las descargas epileptiformes interictales.

Objective: To describe abnormalities of the background activity by quantitative analysis in patients with Rolandic Epilepsy. Methods: Visual (29 patients) and quantitative EEG (QEEG) (26 patients) analyses were done. Absolute and Relative Power values obtained in the patients were compared with those from a normative database (Z-Maps). Results: Q-EEG results showed a significative changes in a 73,08 % of the patients: 73,68 % in slow frequency and 26,31 % in rapid frequency. A focal significative increase in slow frequency in centro-temporal and/or centro-parietal regions was observed in 64,28 %, in the same regions and extratemporal regions in 21,43 % and only slow activity extratemporal in 14,28 % of the patients. Conclusions: Significative variations in background activity in patients with Rolandic Epilepsy, suggests a possible relation with the presence of interictal epileptiform discharges or a certain age-related functional immaturity.

Quantitative study on depth of ketamine anesthesia for preschoolers / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To compare and quantify the determinants in quantitative electroencephalogram(q-EEG) and heart rate variability power spectrum analysis(HRV-PSA) of ketamme(KTM) anesthesia for preschoolers. Methods Seventy four cases were selected and assigned into 3 groups named A(4-5 years), B(5-6 years), C(6-7 years), 22,28,24 cases in every group respectively. All cases were induced with KTM 5 mg /kg intramuscularly and changes of determinants were recorded continuously. If body movement happened, KTM would be injected with 1 mg/kg. Results On pre- anesthesia, BIS in group A was the least among 3 groups, while LF/HF and HRVI were the largest(P